Riveter or punch.



No. 836,301. PATENTEDNOV. 20, 1906. S. S. GASKEY. RIVETER OR PUNCH.h

APPLICATION FILED MAY 26, 11903.

' gle-chamber 8.

- pull-back head 13, which moves in the pullvalve, although it is`apparent that other UNITED STATES PATENT cleric-3E.

SAMUEL S. CASKEY, OF PHILADELPHIA, IPENN,SYLVANIA y nlv'ETl-:n on PUNCH.s

Specification of Letters Patent.. Application tiled-,Illy 26, 1903.Serial No. 158.821..

' .Patentedivom 2o, 190e.-

To all whom it-'may concern:

citizen of the'United States, residing 1n the city and county ofPhiladelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulImprovement'in Riveters or Punches, 'of which the following is aspecification.

My invention consists of la novel construction of riveter or punchwherein I employ a novel combination -of a toggle mechanism which isoperated by a piston moved by compressed a1r or other motive fluid, theupper portion of said toggle mechanlsm being adapted to press against amovable abutment of oil or other liquid, as will be hereinafterexplained. l

To the above ends my invention consists of novel features ofconstruction, all as will be hereinafter fully set forth.

Figure 1 re resents a vertical sectional view of a punc or riveterembodyin my invention. Fig. 2 represents a front e ovation of Fi 1. Fig.3 represents a section on line x m, lFigs. 1 and 2. '-Fig. 4- representsa sectional view similar to F1g. 3, but showing the valve in reversedposition. Fig. 5 represents a vertical sectional view of anotherembodi-` ment of my invention. Fig. 6 represents a vertical sectionalview through the valvechest seenin Fig. 5, showing the valve in reversedposition. Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail of the operating-lever and itsconnection with' the slide-valve.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts' in thefigures.

Referrin to the drawings, (referringirst to Fig. 4,) 1 r esignates thelaterally-extending main cylinder having the valve-chest 2, providedwith the live-air inlet 3, and thevalve 4, which is shown as being ayhollow balanced forms of valve may be employed. When the valve 4 is inthe position seen in Fig. 4, the piston 5 is about to move tothe leftfrom its extreme right-hand position, as seen in Fig. 4, and the port 6is open to the exhaust-passages 7, whereby the air is exhausted from thetog- During the act of exhausting the air from the toggle-chamber theoil in the stationary reservoir `9is forced .through the passage 10 intothe chambei1 11, in which reciprocates the piston 12, which has the backchamber 14. 1,5 designates a link having its upper end pivoted to thelower portion of the piston 12, the lower end of said link be- 1'ingiconnected to the contiguous ends of the Be it known that I, SAMUELS.' CAsxEY, a :lm l

ing center 1,8, the opposite end of the like 116 s 16 and 17 by meansof. the pin or floatbemg pivotally connected -to the rivetingram 19,while the op osite end of the link 17 is pivotally connecte( to thepiston 5. While the piston 5 is moving from the osition seen in Fig. 4to the position seen in `ig. 1 live air is acting on sai( piston throughthe port 20, and a portion of said live air Hows through the 'p ipe 21into the chamber 22 ,a art of said live a1r passing through the chec-valve 23into,

on the rod 25. The port 26 admits air to revent a vacuum beneaththepiston 24. he cvlinder 1 may or may not be integral with the hook'27,whose lower portion carries the lower -die 28, the upper die 29 beingconnected t`o the ram 19.

In Figs. 5 and 6 I have shown a construction of punch or riveter whereinthe broad principle embodied in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, is employed,the only structuraldifferences being that the main cylinder standsin anVupright instead of a horizontal osition, as seen in Fig. 1, andl havealso emp oyed a slightlydifferent form of slide-valve and its adjunctsfrom that seen in Figs. 1, 3, and 4. In Fi s. 5 and 6, 30 designates thehook, having t e riveting-ram 31 mounted therein, which carries the.upper die 32, the lower die 33 being carried on the lower portion ofsaid hook. The riveting-ram 31 is actuated by a to gle mechanismconsisting of a link 34, which is pivotally attached at 35 to theelbow-lever 36, consisting of the membersy 37 and 38. The member 38 ispivotally attached at 39 to the link 40, which is pivotally connected tothe piston 41 in the main cylinder 42, which from cham-- ber 22 by thefriction of the stufling-box 26"..

corresponds to the main'cylinder hereinbeton being adapted to press`against the oilabutmentcontained in the chamber 44, the lattercommunicating with the reservoir 45 by means of'the` passage 46, whichis controlled by the check-valve 47, said checkvalve seating upwardlyand bein held against its seat by a suitable spring an( beingy a aptedto b'e depressed or unseated by means of the rod 48, which is movable inthe reservoir 45,-the upper fend of said rod being pivotally attached tothe operatin r-lever 49, which has at onel end a member aving anelongated slot 50, in which is received a pin 51, attached to thevalve-rod 52, whereby the slidey or other valve 53 is operated. Live airis led into the valve-chest 54 through the inle't 55, it being seen thata communication is had between said valve-chest and the reservoir 45 bymeans of thc connection 56. When the partsare in the position seen inFig. 5, it will be apparent that live air is entering the passa re 57and passing through the port 58 into t e chamber 59 beneath the piston41,v

whereby the latter is about to be raised from the position seen in fulllines in Fig. 5 to the position seen in dotted lines therein, ythe ex-,iaust taking place through the passage 60 and main exhaust-port 61 tothe atmosphere. When the piston 41 is in the position seen in dottedlines in Fig. 5, it will be apparent that to move the same to theposition seen in full lines in said figure the valve 53 must be moved tothe position seen in Fig. 6, whereby live air passing throughthe'passage 60 acts on the piston 41, which moves downwardly to theposition seen in full lines in Fig. 5, the exhaust tak-ing place throughport 58, passage 57, and main exhaust-port 61 to the atmosphere when thevalve 53 is in the position seen in Fig. 6.

It will be apparent from the fore oing that when the toggle mechanismand t e pistons are in the position seen-dotted in Fig. 1 and the valve4 -is in the position shown in Fig. 4 the dies are open and ready toforce the die 29 and ram 19 down on the rivet to be headed. Air havingbeen exhausted from the toggle-chamber and relieving the left-hand si eofthe piston 5 from pressure, the air in direct contact with the oil inthe chamber 9 forces the oil in said chamber throughthe passage 10 andupon'the top of the ram 12, causing said ram to move downwardly, pushingthe toggle mechanism and ram 19, with its die 29, until said die comesin contact with the rivet to be headed. During this movement the toggleremains in a bent position, as shown by dotted vlines in Fig. 1, andswings from the pin 62 as'a pivot. The length of the rivet'to be headedmay-be long or short as compared with the llast one headed, and vyet thedie will come uponit without materially changing the position ofthetoggle. It l is also to .be notedthat this movement is obtained with acomparatively small expenditure of air' or motive fluid and that. thismovement is non-effective in making the rivet'- head. The lar eexpenditure of motive iiuid is reserved in this and all other of mpending applications until the die -is on t e rivet to'be headed, and inthis case I further save air by applying the toggle mechanism at thelast movement, which is when air enters the passay e 20, Fig. 4, andforces the piston 5 to the le t, causing the toggle to straighten outand `giveva constantly-increasing pressure on the rivet-head until it isa maximum, when the toggles are shown in full vlines and straightenedout, as in Fig. 1. It is further to be noted that in all togglemechanisms this maximum pressure theoretically becomes infinite, andwhere adjustin -screws are used to take up the variation o grip of thedies 28 and 29-it is possible to break the hooks. To prevent -thisobjection to togglemachines, I place a small intensifyin device, whichacts as a relief-valve to the oil 1n chamber 11. This intensifyingdevice consists of and the pressure in the chamber 11 is due to theratio of areas in the rod 25 and piston 24 when the rod 25 is forcedinto the passage 10 by the air on the piston 24, which air actssimultaneously on said pistons 24 and 5. To open the dies it is onlynecessary to put the valve 4 into the position shown in Fig. 3. Air thenenters the passage 6, as. above explained, and forces the piston 5 backto the right to the position in Fig. 4, breaking the toggle-lock andsimultaneously forcing the pul -back piston 13 upwardly, overcoming thepressure on the oil and intensifying-rod, and the oil flows back intothe chamber 9. While air is entering the assage 6 the air which was inthe chamber ack of the piston 5 and above the piston 24 issimultaneously exhausted through the passages 20 and 7 to' theatmosphere, the parts belng then in the positions shown in dotted linesin Fig. 1. In Fig. 5 the operations are the same except that instead ofan automatic relief I have applied the above-described manual positivemeans for opening the check-valve 47I to control the fluid in thechamber 44, and instead of a pull-back piston,as 13 in Fig.v 1, thearranement and alinement of the main iston pul s the whole mechanism, pistoninc uded, upwardly and parallel with said main piston after thecheck-valve 47 releases the oil in the chamber 44.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that this riveter is built forvery hard usage and there is very little liability of breakage. Thepackings are 'easy of examination, and the construction of the machinesecures the maximum pressure on a rivet, with as littleweight in themachine as is possible. It works rapidly Without shock or jar, is easyto handle, and gives a uniform pressure on every rivet.

o blow is given when using this machine,

the piston 24 and rod 25, above referred to,

ICO

and therefore no crystallization takes place upon the rivet when beingdriven.

The riveter is suspended by a bail., (not shown,) which allows it to bemoved and operated in either a vertical or horizontal posi- `oilchambers and cylinders the operation of the machine in very cold Weatherand in other places is permitted with no danger of freezing, which isnot the case in riveters of hydraulic. pressure alone.

It will be evident that various changes may be 'made by those skilled inthe art which may come within the scope of my 1nvention, and I do not,therefore, desire to be limited in every instance to the exactconstruction herein shown and described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Let- `l. A punch or riveter comprising a ram, a

f movable abutment held from retraction by a substantiallyincompressible liquid for advancing said ram during a portion of itsstroke, coacting pneumatic means opera'- tively connected with Saidabutment and ram for completing the stroke, an intensifying device, andmeans permitting compressed air to act upon said liquid, said means and1n.- tensifying device arrangedy to act in unison.

2. A punch or riveter comprising a ram, .a movable abutment separatedfrom the ram and held from retraction by a substantially incompressibleliquid for advancing said ram during a portion of its stroke, eoactingneumatic means operatively connected wit said abutment and ram forcompleting the stroke and adapted to constantly increase the forceexerted upon said ram during its stroke, an intensifyingl device, andmeans l permitting compressed air to act upon said iquid,said meansandintensifying device arranged to act in unison. l

3. In a punch or riveter, a ram, almovable abutment substantially inline with and separated from said ram, an oil-chamber behind saidabutment,',means Jor the-admission of oil to said oil-chamber, means forpermitting compressed air to act upon said oil for advancing the ramthrough the iirst part of its stroke, anintensifying device having aportion movable through the oil, a main piston,l a togglejointconnecting said ram and said abutment and operatively' connected withsaid piston.

4. In a punch lor riveter, a ram, a movable abutment substantially inline with and connected to said ram, an oil-,chamber behind saidabutment, means operative throughthe oil in said` chamber forl advancingsaid ram through the first part of its stroke and an actuating-pistonoperative through a togglejoint connecting said ram and said abutment bymeans of which the effective force of said ram is increased through thelatter part of its stroke. v

5. In a punch or riveter, a ram, a movable abutment substantially inline with andconnected to said ram, an oil-chamber behind said abutment,means operative through the oil in said chamber for advancing said ramthrough the first part of its stroke, and an ac- Y tuating-pistonoperative through a togglejoint connecting said ram` and said abutmentby means of Which the' effective force of said ram is increased throughthe latter part of its stroke, and relievable means for reventing theoutiiow of. oil from said a utment-chamber during the advancement ofsaid ram.

6. 'In a punch or riveter, a ram, a movable abutment substantially inline with and connected to said ram, an oil-chamber behind saidabutment, means operative through the oil in said chamber'for advancingsaid ram through the first part of its stroke and an actuating-piston(operative through a togglejoint connecting said ram and sald abutment bymeans of which the effective force of said ram is increased through thelatter part'of its stroke, and automatically relievable means forpreventing the outfiow of oil from said abutment-chamber during the`advancement of said ram.

7. In a punch or riveter, a ram, a movable abutment substantially inline -With said ram, an oil-chamber behind said abutment, a maincylinder, an actuating-piston in said cylinder, a toggle-jointconnecting said ram roo and said abutment and operatively conand saidabutment and unitary means for I controlling all said passages. 8. Apunch or riveter comprising a hook, a ram, a movable abutmentsubstantially in line with said ram, an oil-chamber behind saidabutment,an oil-reservoir, a passage between said reservoir and said chamber, anair-chamber, a piston movable in saidair-k chamber its rod passing intosaid yreservoir and adapted to enter said passage, a main cylinder, anactuatingiston in said cylinder and means for the simu taneous admissionof air to said main cylinder, said reservoir and said air-chamber.

9. A punch or riveter, comprising a hook, a ram, a movable abutmentsubstantially in line With said ram, an oil-chamber behind saidabutment, an oil-reservoir, a passage between said reservoir and saidchamber, an air-chamber, .a piston movable in said airchamberits rodpassing into said/ reservoir and adapted to entersaid passage, a mainIIC IIS

cylinder, an actuating-piston in said cylinder, means for thesimultaneous admission of air to said main cylinder, said reservoir andsaid chamber, and an exhaust from said air-chamber beneath its piston.

10. 1n a punch or riveter, a ram, a movable abutment connected With saidram, an oil-chamber behind said abutment, an actuating-piston alsoconnected with said ram, an air-chamber, an oil-reservoir, avalvecontrolled connection with an air-supply for said reservoir andair-chamber, a piston in said air-chamber and an intensifier carried bysaid piston and movable ythrough said reservoir adapted by itsretraction under excessive pressure to permit the retraction of saidabutment 1i. In a unch or riveter, a maineylinder, a piston t erein, alriveting-ram, a piston above said ram, an oil-abutment for said piston,toggle mechanism intermeniate the piston, said riveting-ram and thepiston coacting with said oil-abutment, means for admitting air-pressureupon said oil-abutment, and a valve mechanism for controlling themovement of the piston in said main cylinder.

SAMUEL S. CASKEY. Witnesses:

JoHN A. WIEDERSHEIM, E. HAYWARD FAIRBANKS.

